The normal electrical conduction in the heart allows the impulse that is generated by the sinoatrial node (SA node) of the heart to be propagated to, and stimulate, the cardiac muscle (myocardium). The myocardium contracts after stimulation. It is the ordered, rhythmic stimulation of the myocardium during the cardiac cycle that allows efficient contraction of the heart, thereby allowing blood to be pumped throughout the body. Signals arising in the SA node (located in the right atrium) stimulate the atria to contract and travel to the AV node, which is located in the interatrial septum. After a delay, the stimulus diverges and is conducted through the left and right bundle of His to the respective Purkinje fibers for each side of the heart, as well as to the endocardium at the apex of the heart, then finally to the ventricular epicardium.
On the microscopic level, the wave of depolarization propagates to adjacent cells via gap junctions located on the intercalated disk. The heart is a functional syncytium (not to be confused with a true "syncytium" in which all the cells are fused together, sharing the same plasma membrane as in skeletal muscle). In a functional syncytium, electrical impulses propagate freely between cells in every direction, so that the myocardium functions as a single contractile unit. This is the avyahata gati of vata which is necessary for the rapid, synchronous depolarization of the myocardium. Conduction from SA to AV to bundles and Purkinje fiber is the aparityakta swa marga of vata. This rhythmical and conductive system of the heart is susceptible to damage by heart disease, especially by ischemia of the heart tissues resulting from poor coronary blood flow. The result is often a bizarre heart rhythm or abnormal sequence of contraction of the heart chambers, and the pumping effectiveness of the heart often is affected severely, even to the extent of causing death. This explains the vyahat gati of vata which is the cause of death
The circulatory system is the main method for blood transportation within body. This system is a complex highway of vessels, and its main purpose is to move blood and nutrients throughout body. The circulatory system is also responsible for exchanging gases and removing waste products from body. Unlike an open circulatory system, a closed circulatory system is more structured and controlled. The blood of a closed system always flows inside vessels. These vessels make up the plumbing circuit of the body and can be found throughout the entire body. This plumbing circuit can be broken down into three different types of vessels, or tubes that transport blood throughout the body: arteries, capillaries and veins. Thus a continuous flow of blood from Left ventricles to the aorta to arteries all over the body than to arterioles into capillaries into venules into veins and back to the right atrium than right ventricle via pulmonary artery to the lungs and via pulmonary veins to the left atrium and back to left ventricle. This is how blood is propagated from heart to the periphery and back to the heart.
Vyanena rasadhatuhi vikshepa uchita karmana yugpat sarvato ajashram dehe vikshepyate sada II Ca. Ci. 15/36
This function of vata is swa sthanastha which helps to maintain the homeostasis or swasthya but when avarodh to this gati takes place may be due to any reason the swa margasthita vata gets vimargagata as explained in samprapti of shoth.
Bahya sira prapya yada kapha asruka pittani sandushayati vayu II Ca. Ci. 12/8
Various edema are either due to excessive secretion (apana vayu) or reduced absorption (pran vayu) as understood in samprapti of udara. Disturbed concentration of solutes and solvents causes changes in pressure (vyan vayu) either intravascular or extra vascular. The electrolyte balance is brought about by sweda dosha ambu srotas sthayi vayu i.e. samana vayu.
Prakruti sthita vata is the one which is akshina vridha. Normal pulse rate ranges from 60-80/min. Excessive pulse rate explains the repeated contraction of heart one of the cause being excessive aakunchan prasaran karma of vyan vridhi whereas one of the cause of bradycardia may be kshina vyan vayu.
Increased peristalsis is the cause for increased frequency of stools one of the reason being vridha apana vata whereas reduced peristalsis causes constipation one reason being kshina apana vata.
Excessive stimulation of agni (atyagni) causes increased appetite one reason being vridha samana vata whereas agnimandhya, grahani etc may be caused by decrease stimulation of agni by samana vata.
Prayatna, urja are functions of udan vayu. Excessive excitation of cell due to excess action potential explains the vridha udan vayu whereas inhibition of cell activity due to reduced action potential is due to kshina udan vayu.
Reduced respiratory rate due to depressed respiratory centre explains kshin prana vayu whereas vridha pran vayu may be one of the cause or increased ventilation.
The vata dosha on basis of its functions is classified into five types. They reside in the sharir at the level of sharir parmanu (cell) and also at gross level. The five prakara work together in a synchronized manner for the normal functioning of the sharir (vayu tantrayantra dhara). In this context upamana pramana of people with different profession like malakara, kumbakar stay together under one roof is given.
The functioning of panch vata prakar can be understood by understanding the physiology of sensation. In its broadest definition, sensation is the conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment.The nature of the sensation and the type of reaction generated vary according to the ultimate destination of nerve impulses that convey sensory information to the CNS. Sensory impulses that reach the spinal cord may serve as input for spinal reflexes, such as the stretch reflex, sensory impulses that reach the lower brain stem elicit more complex reflexes, such as changes in heart rate or breathing rate. When sensory impulses reach the cerebral cortex, person become consciously aware of the sensory stimuli and can precisely locate and identify specific sensations such as touch, pain, hearing, or taste. Perception is the conscious awareness and interpretation of sensations and is primarily a function of the cerebral cortex. Person may have no perception of some sensory information because it never reaches the cerebral cortex. For example, certain sensory receptors constantly monitor the pressure of blood in blood vessels. Because the nerve impulses conveying blood pressure information propagate to the cardiovascular center in the medulla oblongata rather than to the cerebral cortex, blood pressure is not consciously perceived. Thus some functions may involve on the panch prakara vata and in some their permutation and combination.
Process of sensation
An appropriate stimulus must occur within the sensory receptor’s receptive field, that is, the body region where stimulation activates the receptor and produces a response.
A sensory receptor transduces (converts) energy in a stimulus into a graded potential. Conversion of energy from one form to another i.e. transformation is the function of agni but the one which stimulates the agni is the samana vayu (agni samipasta and sweda vaha (at the level of tvak) ashrayi vata prakar). For example, odorant molecules in the air stimulate olfactory (smell) receptors in the nose, which transduces the molecules’ chemical energy into electrical energy in the form of a graded potential.
When a graded potential in a sensory neuron reaches threshold, it triggers one or more nerve impulses, which then propagate toward the CNS. It explains the sarvasrotogata vyan vata action to take the nerve impulse towards the CNS. A particular region of the CNS receives and integrates the sensory nerve impulses. Conscious sensations or perceptions are integrated in the cerebral cortex. Integration is the role of antakarana but carried out by niyanta cha manasa i.e. vata especially the pran vayu in this case.
A characteristic of most sensory receptors is adaptation, in which the generator potential or receptor potential decreases in amplitude during a maintained, constant stimulus. Because of adaptation, the perception of a sensation may fade or disappear even though the stimulus persists. For example, when you first step into a hot shower, the water may feel very hot, but soon the sensation decreases to one of comfortable warmth even though the stimulus (the high temperature of the water) does not change. This is the smriti kriya exhibited by the antakaran but now with the help of udan vayu.
Many somatic motor neurons are regulated by the brain. When activated, somatic motor neurons convey motor output in the form of nerve impulses along their axons, which sequentially pass through the anterior gray horn and anterior root to enter the spinal nerve. From the spinal nerve, axons of somatic motor neurons extend to skeletal muscles of the body. This is again the function of vyan. Thus afferent conduction of nerve impulse is the urdhwagati of vyan, conduction from motor neurons to the skeletal muscle is the adhogati of vyan and the autonomic nervous stimulation is the tiryaka gati of vyan vayu. This is the reason why Caraka in context of treatment of vayu prakar has told “tridha vyanam tu yojayet” it explains vyan has all the three gati which need to be regularize during the treatment.
The part of the body that responds to the motor nerve impulse, such as a muscle or gland, is the effector. Its action is called a reflex. If the effectors are skeletal muscle, the reflex is a somatic reflex. If the effectors are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or a gland, the reflex is an autonomic (visceral) reflex.
Depending on the resultant action function of vata prakar have been explained i.e. ksthivan, kshavathu, anna pravesh etc karma is seen that it is due to pran vayu.
Vaka pravrutti, prayatna, urja, bala varna smriti etc are karma of udan vayu.
Anna vivechan, etc karma is due to samana vayu whereas aakunchan prasaran is due to vyan vayu and garbha nischkraman etc is due to apana vayu.
Thus the classification done is on the gross level of functioning. Similarly at cellular level too we can understand the existence of panch prakar vata.
The selective permeability of the plasma membrane allows a living cell to maintain different concentrations of certain substances on either side of the plasma membrane. A concentration gradient is a difference in the concentration of a chemical from one place to another, such as from the inside to the outside of the plasma membrane. Many ions and molecules are more con- centrated in either the cytosol or the extracellular fluid. For instance, oxygen molecules and sodium ions (Na) are more concentrated in the extracellular fluid than in the cytosol; the opposite is true of carbon dioxide molecules and potassium ions (K). The plasma membrane also creates a difference in the distribution of positively and negatively charged ions between the two sides of the plasma membrane. Typically, the inner surface of the plasma membrane is more negatively charged and the outer surface is more positively charged. A difference in electrical charges between two regions constitutes an electrical gradient. Because it occurs across the plasma membrane, this charge difference is termed the membrane potential. In many cases a substance will move across a plasma membrane down its concentration gradient. That is to say, a substance will move “downhill,” from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated, to reach equilibrium. Similarly, a positively charged substance will tend to move toward a negatively charged area, and a negatively charged substance will tend to move toward a positively charged area. The combined influence of the concentration gradient and the electrical gradient on movement of a particular ion is referred to as its electrochemical gradient.
Transport of materials across the plasma membrane is essential to the life of a cell. (ayu is one of the paryaya of vayu). Certain substances must move into the cell to support metabolic reactions (praveshakruta karma of pram vayu). Other substances that have been produced by the cell for export or as cellular waste product (niskramana karma of apana vayu) must move out of the cell.
Substances generally move across cellular membranes via transport processes that can be classified as passive or active, depending on whether they require cellular energy. In passive processes, a substance moves down its concentration or electrical gradient to cross the membrane using only its own kinetic energy The continuous movement resembles the chala guna, a common quality of all the types of vata. Modern describes it as the Brownian Movement of the ions. Kinetic energy is intrinsic to the particles that are moving. There is no input of energy from the cell. An example is simple diffusion.
In active processes, cellular energy is used to drive the substance “uphill” against its concentration or electrical gradient. The cellular energy used is usually in the form of ATP. It explains the prayatna karma of udan vayu which is responsible for the activity. An example is active transport. Active transport is considered an active process because energy is required for carrier proteins to move solutes across the membrane against a concentration gradient. Two sources of cellular energy can be used to drive active transport: (1) Energy obtained from hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source in primary active transport; (2) energy stored in an ionic concentration gradient is the source in secondary active transport. Like carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion, active transport processes exhibit a transport.
The concentration gradient which is maintained is essential for cellular activity. Resting membrane potential and active membrane potential are maintained at specific levels. For e.g. Charges of -90 mv is the resting charge which reaches to +35 mv when depolarized in cardiac cell thus this knowledge of potential gradient is due to budhi dharan karma of pran which cause the pumping of Na/K pump to activate. Thus knowledge of concentration gradient is karma of pran vayu. Further pran means prinana aadan karma i.e. helping entry/ facilitation of such ions, essential requirements within cell which will do prinan /poshan is also due to pran. Thus process that initiates endocytosis is pran vayu.
Many in folding of the inner membrane form shelves onto which oxidative enzymes are attached. In addition, the inner cavity of the mitochondrion is filled with a matrix that contains large quantities of dissolved enzymes that are necessary for extracting energy from nutrients. These enzymes operate in association with the oxidative enzymes on the shelves to cause oxidation of the nutrients, thereby forming carbon dioxide and water and at the same time releasing energy. The liberated energy is used to synthesize a “high-energy” substance called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).ATP is then transported out of the mitochondrion, and it diffuses throughout the cell to release its own energy wherever it is needed for performing cellular functions. Thus the phenomenon which triggers the oxidative process is the samana vayu which stimulates the oxidation i.e. role of agni.
The intracellular movement of proteins, ATP transfer, and vesicle transportation can be understood as the vyapan/ vyuhan karma of vyan vayu.
The end metabolites formed within the cell are removed through the process of exocytosis. The process is initiated by apana vayu which helps in excretion, mokshan , munchan karma at the level of cell. Prof. Dr. Satyendra Narayan Ojha ,
MD (KC), Ph.D.
Director , Yashawant ayurveda college , Post graduate teaching and research center ,
Kodoli ,Panhala , Kolhapur..
drsnojha@rediffmail. com
On the microscopic level, the wave of depolarization propagates to adjacent cells via gap junctions located on the intercalated disk. The heart is a functional syncytium (not to be confused with a true "syncytium" in which all the cells are fused together, sharing the same plasma membrane as in skeletal muscle). In a functional syncytium, electrical impulses propagate freely between cells in every direction, so that the myocardium functions as a single contractile unit. This is the avyahata gati of vata which is necessary for the rapid, synchronous depolarization of the myocardium. Conduction from SA to AV to bundles and Purkinje fiber is the aparityakta swa marga of vata. This rhythmical and conductive system of the heart is susceptible to damage by heart disease, especially by ischemia of the heart tissues resulting from poor coronary blood flow. The result is often a bizarre heart rhythm or abnormal sequence of contraction of the heart chambers, and the pumping effectiveness of the heart often is affected severely, even to the extent of causing death. This explains the vyahat gati of vata which is the cause of death
The circulatory system is the main method for blood transportation within body. This system is a complex highway of vessels, and its main purpose is to move blood and nutrients throughout body. The circulatory system is also responsible for exchanging gases and removing waste products from body. Unlike an open circulatory system, a closed circulatory system is more structured and controlled. The blood of a closed system always flows inside vessels. These vessels make up the plumbing circuit of the body and can be found throughout the entire body. This plumbing circuit can be broken down into three different types of vessels, or tubes that transport blood throughout the body: arteries, capillaries and veins. Thus a continuous flow of blood from Left ventricles to the aorta to arteries all over the body than to arterioles into capillaries into venules into veins and back to the right atrium than right ventricle via pulmonary artery to the lungs and via pulmonary veins to the left atrium and back to left ventricle. This is how blood is propagated from heart to the periphery and back to the heart.
Vyanena rasadhatuhi vikshepa uchita karmana yugpat sarvato ajashram dehe vikshepyate sada II Ca. Ci. 15/36
This function of vata is swa sthanastha which helps to maintain the homeostasis or swasthya but when avarodh to this gati takes place may be due to any reason the swa margasthita vata gets vimargagata as explained in samprapti of shoth.
Bahya sira prapya yada kapha asruka pittani sandushayati vayu II Ca. Ci. 12/8
Various edema are either due to excessive secretion (apana vayu) or reduced absorption (pran vayu) as understood in samprapti of udara. Disturbed concentration of solutes and solvents causes changes in pressure (vyan vayu) either intravascular or extra vascular. The electrolyte balance is brought about by sweda dosha ambu srotas sthayi vayu i.e. samana vayu.
Prakruti sthita vata is the one which is akshina vridha. Normal pulse rate ranges from 60-80/min. Excessive pulse rate explains the repeated contraction of heart one of the cause being excessive aakunchan prasaran karma of vyan vridhi whereas one of the cause of bradycardia may be kshina vyan vayu.
Increased peristalsis is the cause for increased frequency of stools one of the reason being vridha apana vata whereas reduced peristalsis causes constipation one reason being kshina apana vata.
Excessive stimulation of agni (atyagni) causes increased appetite one reason being vridha samana vata whereas agnimandhya, grahani etc may be caused by decrease stimulation of agni by samana vata.
Prayatna, urja are functions of udan vayu. Excessive excitation of cell due to excess action potential explains the vridha udan vayu whereas inhibition of cell activity due to reduced action potential is due to kshina udan vayu.
Reduced respiratory rate due to depressed respiratory centre explains kshin prana vayu whereas vridha pran vayu may be one of the cause or increased ventilation.
The vata dosha on basis of its functions is classified into five types. They reside in the sharir at the level of sharir parmanu (cell) and also at gross level. The five prakara work together in a synchronized manner for the normal functioning of the sharir (vayu tantrayantra dhara). In this context upamana pramana of people with different profession like malakara, kumbakar stay together under one roof is given.
The functioning of panch vata prakar can be understood by understanding the physiology of sensation. In its broadest definition, sensation is the conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment.The nature of the sensation and the type of reaction generated vary according to the ultimate destination of nerve impulses that convey sensory information to the CNS. Sensory impulses that reach the spinal cord may serve as input for spinal reflexes, such as the stretch reflex, sensory impulses that reach the lower brain stem elicit more complex reflexes, such as changes in heart rate or breathing rate. When sensory impulses reach the cerebral cortex, person become consciously aware of the sensory stimuli and can precisely locate and identify specific sensations such as touch, pain, hearing, or taste. Perception is the conscious awareness and interpretation of sensations and is primarily a function of the cerebral cortex. Person may have no perception of some sensory information because it never reaches the cerebral cortex. For example, certain sensory receptors constantly monitor the pressure of blood in blood vessels. Because the nerve impulses conveying blood pressure information propagate to the cardiovascular center in the medulla oblongata rather than to the cerebral cortex, blood pressure is not consciously perceived. Thus some functions may involve on the panch prakara vata and in some their permutation and combination.
Process of sensation
An appropriate stimulus must occur within the sensory receptor’s receptive field, that is, the body region where stimulation activates the receptor and produces a response.
A sensory receptor transduces (converts) energy in a stimulus into a graded potential. Conversion of energy from one form to another i.e. transformation is the function of agni but the one which stimulates the agni is the samana vayu (agni samipasta and sweda vaha (at the level of tvak) ashrayi vata prakar). For example, odorant molecules in the air stimulate olfactory (smell) receptors in the nose, which transduces the molecules’ chemical energy into electrical energy in the form of a graded potential.
When a graded potential in a sensory neuron reaches threshold, it triggers one or more nerve impulses, which then propagate toward the CNS. It explains the sarvasrotogata vyan vata action to take the nerve impulse towards the CNS. A particular region of the CNS receives and integrates the sensory nerve impulses. Conscious sensations or perceptions are integrated in the cerebral cortex. Integration is the role of antakarana but carried out by niyanta cha manasa i.e. vata especially the pran vayu in this case.
A characteristic of most sensory receptors is adaptation, in which the generator potential or receptor potential decreases in amplitude during a maintained, constant stimulus. Because of adaptation, the perception of a sensation may fade or disappear even though the stimulus persists. For example, when you first step into a hot shower, the water may feel very hot, but soon the sensation decreases to one of comfortable warmth even though the stimulus (the high temperature of the water) does not change. This is the smriti kriya exhibited by the antakaran but now with the help of udan vayu.
Many somatic motor neurons are regulated by the brain. When activated, somatic motor neurons convey motor output in the form of nerve impulses along their axons, which sequentially pass through the anterior gray horn and anterior root to enter the spinal nerve. From the spinal nerve, axons of somatic motor neurons extend to skeletal muscles of the body. This is again the function of vyan. Thus afferent conduction of nerve impulse is the urdhwagati of vyan, conduction from motor neurons to the skeletal muscle is the adhogati of vyan and the autonomic nervous stimulation is the tiryaka gati of vyan vayu. This is the reason why Caraka in context of treatment of vayu prakar has told “tridha vyanam tu yojayet” it explains vyan has all the three gati which need to be regularize during the treatment.
The part of the body that responds to the motor nerve impulse, such as a muscle or gland, is the effector. Its action is called a reflex. If the effectors are skeletal muscle, the reflex is a somatic reflex. If the effectors are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or a gland, the reflex is an autonomic (visceral) reflex.
Depending on the resultant action function of vata prakar have been explained i.e. ksthivan, kshavathu, anna pravesh etc karma is seen that it is due to pran vayu.
Vaka pravrutti, prayatna, urja, bala varna smriti etc are karma of udan vayu.
Anna vivechan, etc karma is due to samana vayu whereas aakunchan prasaran is due to vyan vayu and garbha nischkraman etc is due to apana vayu.
Thus the classification done is on the gross level of functioning. Similarly at cellular level too we can understand the existence of panch prakar vata.
The selective permeability of the plasma membrane allows a living cell to maintain different concentrations of certain substances on either side of the plasma membrane. A concentration gradient is a difference in the concentration of a chemical from one place to another, such as from the inside to the outside of the plasma membrane. Many ions and molecules are more con- centrated in either the cytosol or the extracellular fluid. For instance, oxygen molecules and sodium ions (Na) are more concentrated in the extracellular fluid than in the cytosol; the opposite is true of carbon dioxide molecules and potassium ions (K). The plasma membrane also creates a difference in the distribution of positively and negatively charged ions between the two sides of the plasma membrane. Typically, the inner surface of the plasma membrane is more negatively charged and the outer surface is more positively charged. A difference in electrical charges between two regions constitutes an electrical gradient. Because it occurs across the plasma membrane, this charge difference is termed the membrane potential. In many cases a substance will move across a plasma membrane down its concentration gradient. That is to say, a substance will move “downhill,” from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated, to reach equilibrium. Similarly, a positively charged substance will tend to move toward a negatively charged area, and a negatively charged substance will tend to move toward a positively charged area. The combined influence of the concentration gradient and the electrical gradient on movement of a particular ion is referred to as its electrochemical gradient.
Transport of materials across the plasma membrane is essential to the life of a cell. (ayu is one of the paryaya of vayu). Certain substances must move into the cell to support metabolic reactions (praveshakruta karma of pram vayu). Other substances that have been produced by the cell for export or as cellular waste product (niskramana karma of apana vayu) must move out of the cell.
Substances generally move across cellular membranes via transport processes that can be classified as passive or active, depending on whether they require cellular energy. In passive processes, a substance moves down its concentration or electrical gradient to cross the membrane using only its own kinetic energy The continuous movement resembles the chala guna, a common quality of all the types of vata. Modern describes it as the Brownian Movement of the ions. Kinetic energy is intrinsic to the particles that are moving. There is no input of energy from the cell. An example is simple diffusion.
In active processes, cellular energy is used to drive the substance “uphill” against its concentration or electrical gradient. The cellular energy used is usually in the form of ATP. It explains the prayatna karma of udan vayu which is responsible for the activity. An example is active transport. Active transport is considered an active process because energy is required for carrier proteins to move solutes across the membrane against a concentration gradient. Two sources of cellular energy can be used to drive active transport: (1) Energy obtained from hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source in primary active transport; (2) energy stored in an ionic concentration gradient is the source in secondary active transport. Like carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion, active transport processes exhibit a transport.
The concentration gradient which is maintained is essential for cellular activity. Resting membrane potential and active membrane potential are maintained at specific levels. For e.g. Charges of -90 mv is the resting charge which reaches to +35 mv when depolarized in cardiac cell thus this knowledge of potential gradient is due to budhi dharan karma of pran which cause the pumping of Na/K pump to activate. Thus knowledge of concentration gradient is karma of pran vayu. Further pran means prinana aadan karma i.e. helping entry/ facilitation of such ions, essential requirements within cell which will do prinan /poshan is also due to pran. Thus process that initiates endocytosis is pran vayu.
Many in folding of the inner membrane form shelves onto which oxidative enzymes are attached. In addition, the inner cavity of the mitochondrion is filled with a matrix that contains large quantities of dissolved enzymes that are necessary for extracting energy from nutrients. These enzymes operate in association with the oxidative enzymes on the shelves to cause oxidation of the nutrients, thereby forming carbon dioxide and water and at the same time releasing energy. The liberated energy is used to synthesize a “high-energy” substance called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).ATP is then transported out of the mitochondrion, and it diffuses throughout the cell to release its own energy wherever it is needed for performing cellular functions. Thus the phenomenon which triggers the oxidative process is the samana vayu which stimulates the oxidation i.e. role of agni.
The intracellular movement of proteins, ATP transfer, and vesicle transportation can be understood as the vyapan/ vyuhan karma of vyan vayu.
The end metabolites formed within the cell are removed through the process of exocytosis. The process is initiated by apana vayu which helps in excretion, mokshan , munchan karma at the level of cell. Prof. Dr. Satyendra Narayan Ojha ,
MD (KC), Ph.D.
Director , Yashawant ayurveda college , Post graduate teaching and research center ,
Kodoli ,Panhala , Kolhapur..
drsnojha@rediffmail. com
Sir,भारतवर्ष में घुटनों के दर्द की बीमारी एक महामारी का रूप ले रही है |
जवाब देंहटाएंयजुर्वेद 18.2 मंत्र के निम्न विवरण से स्पष्ट है कि इस मंत्र का विषय प्राण वायु को लेकर है |
"प्राणश्च मेऽपानश्च मे व्यानश्च मेऽसुश्च मे चित्तं च मऽआधीतं च मे वाक् च मे
मनश्च मे चक्षुश्च मे श्रोत्रं च मे दक्षश्च मे बलं च मे यज्ञेन कल्पन्ताम्।। यजु 18.2।।
व्यावहारिक भावार्थ :-मुझे यह सब सामर्थ्य प्राप्त हों - (प्राण: च) प्राण, इसका स्थान नासिका से ह्रदय तक है . नेत्र , श्रोत्र , मुख आदि अवयव इसी के सहयोग से कार्य करते है . यह सभी प्राणों का राजा है . जैसे राजा अपने अधिकारीयों को विभिन्न स्थानों पर विभिन्न कार्यों के लिये नियुक्त करता है , वैसे ही यह भी अन्य अपान आदि प्राणों को विभिन्न स्थानों पर
विभिन्न कार्यों के लिये नियुक्त करता है .जो नाभि से ऊपर गति करता है, (अपान: च) अपान का स्थान नाभि से पाँव तक है , यह गुदा इन्द्रिय द्वारा मल वायु को उपस्थ ( मुत्रेन्द्रिय) द्वारा मूत्र व वीर्य को योनी द्वारा रज व गर्भ का कार्य करता है| (व्यान: च) व्यान,जो शरीर की सब संधियों में व्यापक है:- यह सम्पूर्ण शरीर में रहता है । ह्रदय से मुख्य १०१ नाड़ीयाँ निकलती है , प्रत्येक नाड़ी की १००-१०० शाखाएँ है तथा प्रत्येक शाखा की भी ७२००० उपशाखाएँ है । इस प्रकार कुल ७२७२१०२०१ नाड़ी शाखा- उपशाखाओं में यह रहता है । समस्त शरीर में रक्त-संचार , प्राण-संचार का कार्य यही करता है तथा अन्य प्राणों को उनके कार्यों में सहयोग भी देता है । इस के असंतुलन से संधिवात रोग Arthritis होता है और जो मुख्य रूप से नाभिदेश में स्थित है
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प्राण,अपान,व्यान ये तीन ही मुख्य प्राण माने जाते हैं| इसी लिए इन तीन के ही लिए दैनिक अग्निहोत्र में प्रात: सायं दोनो समय आहुतियां दी जाती हैं ;
“ ॐ भूरग्नये प्राणाय स्वाहा|| इदमग्नये प्राणाय इदन्नमम्||1|| ,
ॐ भुवर्वायवेsपानाय स्वाहा|| इदम्वायवेsपानायइदन्नमम् ||2||
स्वरादित्याय व्यानाय स्वाहा|| इदमादित्याय व्यानाय इदन्नमम्||3|”
भौतिक स्तर पर इन तीन प्राणों द्वारा शरीर को व्यवस्थित करने में इन का योगदान है;
(असु: च) असु उदान :- यह कण्ठ से सिर ( मस्तिष्क ) तक के अवयवों में रहता है ,
शब्दों का उच्चारण , वमन ( उल्टी ) को निकालना, नाग :- यह कण्ठ से मुख तक रहता है । उदगार (डकार ) , हिचकी आदि कर्म इसी के द्वारा होते है । कूर्म :- इसका स्थान मुख्य रूप से नेत्र गोलक है , यह नेत्रा गोलकों मे रहता हुआ उन्हे दाएँ -बाएँ , ऊपर-नीचे घुमाने की तथा पलकों को खोलने बंद करने की क्रिया करता है । आँसू भी इसी के सहयोग से निकलते है । कृकल :- यह मुख से ह्रदय तक के स्थान में रहता है तथा जृम्भा ( जंभाई=उबासी ) , भूख , प्यास आदि को उत्पन्न करने का कार्य करता है । देवदत्त :- यह नासिका से कण्ठ तक के स्थान में रहता है । इसका कार्य छींक , आलस्य , तन्द्रा , निद्रा आदि को लाने का है । धनज्जय :- यह सम्पूर्ण शरीर में व्यापक रहता है , इसका कार्य शरीर के अवयवों को खींचें रखना , माँसपेशियों को सुंदर बनाना आदि है । शरीर में से जीवात्मा के निकल जाने पर यह भी बाहर निकल जाता है , फलतः इस प्राण के अभाव में शरीर फूल जाता है ।जब शरीर विश्राम करता है , ज्ञानेन्द्रियाँ , कर्मेन्द्रियाँ स्थिर हो जाती है, मन शांत हो जाता है, तब प्राण और जीवात्मा जागता है । प्राण के संयोग से जीवन और प्राण के वियोग से मृत्यु होती है ।जीव का अंन्तिम साथी प्राण है ।
(चित्तं च) चित्त में तुरंत स्मरण कराने वाली शक्ति – हाज़िर जवाबी- ability to quick recall -| (आधीतं च) बाह्य विषयों का संज्ञान और निश्चय कारिणी बुद्धि – बाह्य प्रत्यक्ष परिस्थियों को तुरंत समझकर प्रतिक्रिया करने की शक्ति | (वाक् च) वाणी, (चक्षु: च) ध्यान से देकने की शक्ति- power of being observant- | (क्षोत्रं च) ध्यानदेकर सुनने की शक्ति,attentively listening ability, (दक्ष: च) उपाय कुशल क्रियात्मक आचरण,(बलं च) अपने दायित्व को निभाने के लिए आत्मिक और भौतिक ब
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इस प्रकार यह प्रतीत होता है कि व्यान प्राण के संतुलन द्वारा अस्थि रोग Arthiritis , घुटने का दर्द इत्यादि पर प्रभाव हो सकता है | Arthiritis , घुटने का दर्द इत्यादि पर क्या किसी प्राणायाम के प्रभाव से व्यान प्राण का असंतुलन ठीक किया जा सकता है ?
व्यान वायु के असंतुलन के उपाय पर ज्ञन देने की कृपा करें