Weaning doesn't have to be difficult. Find out how to choose the right time & what you can do to ease your child's transition.

If you're breast-feeding, you may have questions about weaning. When is the right time? Will weaning upset your child? How can you avoid engorgement? Get the facts about weaning and how you can make the process a positive one for you and your child.

When's the best time to start weaning?

Breast-feeding until your baby is age 1 is recommended. Breast milk contains the right balance of nutrients for your baby and boosts your baby's immune system. Still, when to start weaning your child is a personal decision.

It's often easiest to begin weaning when your baby initiates the process — which may be sooner or later than you expect. Weaning often begins naturally at age 6 months, when solid foods are typically introduced. Some children begin to gradually turn away from breast milk and seek other forms of nutrition and comfort at around age 1, when they've begun eating a wide variety of solid foods and may be able to drink from a cup. Other children may not initiate weaning until their toddler years, when they become less willing to sit still during breast-feeding.

You may also decide when to start the weaning process yourself. This may be more difficult than following your child's lead — but can be done with some extra care and sensitivity.

Whenever you choose to start weaning your baby from the breast, stay focused on your child's needs as well as your own. Resist comparing your situation with that of other families, and consider rethinking any deadlines you may have set for weaning when you were pregnant or when your baby was a newborn.

Are there certain times when it wouldn't be smart to start weaning?

Consider delaying weaning if:

• Food allergies run in the family. Some research suggests that exclusive breast-feeding for at least four months may have a protective effect for children who have a family history of food allergies. If food allergies run in your family, talk to your child's doctor about the potential benefits of delaying weaning.
• Your child isn't feeling well. If your child is ill or teething, postpone weaning until he or she is feeling better. You might also consider postponing weaning if you're not feeling well. You and your child are more likely to handle the transition well if you're both in good health.
• A major change has occurred at home. Avoid initiating weaning during a time of major change at home. If your family has recently moved or your child care situation has changed, for example, postpone weaning until a less stressful time.

What's the best way to begin weaning?

When you start the weaning process, take it slow. Eliminate one breast-feeding session a day every two to three days. Slowly tapering off the number of times you breast-feed each day will cause your milk supply to gradually diminish and prevent discomfort caused by engorgement. If you begin weaning when your child is a newborn, consider applying ice packs to your breasts to help decrease your milk production.

Keep in mind that children tend to be more attached to the first and last feedings of the day, when the need for comfort is greater — so it might be helpful to drop a midday breast-feeding session first. You might also choose to wean your baby from breast milk during the day but continue breast-feeding at night. It's up to you and your child. When eliminating a breast-feeding session, try to avoid sitting in your usual breast-feeding spots with your child. Instead, offer a distraction, such as a book, toy or fun activity.

What about nutrition after weaning?

If you wean your child before age 1, substitute breast milk with Dhatri Stanya i.e. Care Giver Mother's Milk. Such care giver mother should be appointed after proper assessment. That criteria is indicated in details, in Kaumarbhritya section of Ayurved.

Then Cow's milk. Cow's milk should be diluted with boiled water (3:1 is an ideal ratio in the starting). The mixture added with some Vidang seeds (Embelia ribes) should be boiled for 10 minutes and then given to the child.

You can wean your child to a bottle and then a cup or, if your child seems ready, directly to a cup. Although bottle is not recommended, it is practically successful option in many cases. Due care of sterility must be taken.

If you're introducing your child to a bottle for the first time, do so at a time when your child isn't extremely hungry and may have more patience. It also may help if another caregiver introduces the bottle, since some children may refuse a bottle when the breast is available. Choose a bottle nipple with a slow flow at first. If you use a bottle nipple with a fast flow, your child may become frustrated with the slower flow of milk during breast-feeding.

A special recipe for the child at the time of Weaning :

Preenan Modak

Priyal i.e. Charoli

Yashtimadhu i.e. Jyeshthamadh

Madhu i.e. Honey

Rice Corn i.e. Chawal ki Dhani or Lahi

Khand Sharkara i.e. Mishri

All these should be taken in raising quantity, crushed into fine powders and then mixed with Honey to prpare small balls i.e. Modak or Laddu.

This is palatable and nourishing for the concerned child.

How long does weaning take?

Depending on your approach, weaning could take days, weeks or months. Remember, however, that rushing the weaning process may be upsetting for your child. 

Breast-feeding is an intimate activity for you and your child. You may have mixed emotions about letting go. But by taking a gradual approach to weaning — and offering plenty of love and affection — you can help your child make a smooth transition to a bottle or cup.

Vaidya - DEEPAK SHIRUDE

AAROGYA NIKETAN

Bapushree, 9/1, Sane Guruji Colony,

Behind collector bunglow,

JALGAON, M.S., India.425002  

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Folliculitis

Folliculitis is inflammation of one or more hair follicles. It can occur anywhere on the skin.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Folliculitis starts when hair follicles are damaged by friction from clothing, blockage of the follicle, or shaving. In most cases of folliculitis, the damaged follicles are then infected with the bacteria Staphylococcus (staph).

Barber's itch is a staph infection of the hair follicles in the beard area of the face, usually the upper lip. Shaving makes it worse. Tinea barbae is similar to barber's itch, but the infection is caused by a fungus.

Pseudofolliculitis barbae is a disorder that occurs mainly in black men. If curly beard hairs are cut too short, they may curve back into the skin and cause inflammation.

Symptoms

Common symptoms include a rash, itching, and pimples or pustules near a hair follicle in the neck, groin, or genital area. The pimples may crust over.

Signs and tests

A diagnosis is primarily based on how the skin looks. Lab tests may show which bacteria or fungus is causing the infection.

Treatment

Hot, moist compresses may promote drainage of the affected follicles. Treatment may include antibiotics applied to the skin (mupirocin) or taken by mouth (dicloxacillin), or antifungal medications to control the infection.

Expectations (prognosis)

Folliculitis usually responds well to treatment, but may come back.

Complications

• Folliculitis may return
• Infection may spread to other body areas

Calling your health care provider

Apply home treatment and call your health care provider if symptoms come back frequently, if they last longer than 2 or 3 days, or if the infection spreads.

Prevention

To prevent further damage to the hair follicles and infection:

• Reduce friction from clothing
• Avoid shaving the area if possible (if shaving is necessary, use a clean, new razor blade or an electric razor each time)
• Keep the area clean
• Avoid contaminated clothing and washcloths

Hemidesmus indicus

Hemidesmus indicus - Sugandi, Sariva
Apocynaceae - Subtropical India -
FAMILY: Apocynaceae (Dogbane Family)
GENUS: Hemidesmus
SPECIES: Indicus
COMMON NAMES: Ananta-mula, Anantmoola, Ananthamoola, Anantmula, Asclepias pseudosarsa, Country Sarasaparilla, Durivel, East Indian Sarsaparilla, Eternal root, False Sarsaparilla, Fragrant one, Gadisugandhi, Gopakanya, Hemidesmus pubescens, Hemidismus Indica-Radix, Kapuri, Karibandha, Magrabu, Muttavapulagamu, Naga-jihva, Naruninti, Nunnari, Nunnery root, Onontomulo, Periploca indica, Sariva, Smilax aspera, Sogade, Sugandhi-pala, Sugandi root, Upalasari, White Sariva.

Hemidesmus Indicus, also known in ancient Ayurveda medicine as Sugandi, has been revered for its medicinal properties for nearly a thousand years. Sugandi is a perennial, fast-growing thin creeper vine; that sends tendrils out at every node to cling to the surrounding vegetation for stability and support. The leaves are very slender, smooth, oval shaped, closely resembling blades of grass, and they maintain a uniform shiny dark green color throughout the year. The stems will stiffen and become woody over time, the bark will vary in color from dark red, rust to brown. In the right climate it will produce flowers almost all year round; the flowers are small, thin and elongated, light green with a purple hue inside. The seeds are white and covered in tiny silvery white hairs. The root system is sparse, linear and usually produces one main root with very few side branches. The roots are known to be very aromatic, emitting a sweet scent reminiscent of a combination of vanilla, cinnamon and almonds.

Sugandi is found growing indigenously all over southern Asia, but it originated in India where it is still primarily found growing wildly. It is also known to grow in Malaysia, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. This ancient healing plant has been transported to all parts of the world and is prized by many horticulturists and practitioners of traditional medicine for its healing properties and aromatic qualities.

Hemidismus Indica is known to naturally produce a wide variety of beneficial compounds known for their healing and calmative effects. This plant has been the focus of many different scientific studies, and there are over a hundred unique compounds that have been isolated from the roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Some of the many compounds found in this plant include: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde, 2-hyroxy-4-methoxy benzenoid, alpha-amyrins triterpene, benzoic acid, beta-amyrins, beta-sitosterol, coumarin, delta-dehydro lupeol acetate, delta-dehydrolupanyl-3-beta-acetate, desmine, glucosides, hemidesmin-1, hemidesmin-2, hemidescine, hemidesmic acid, hemidesmine, hemidesmol, hemidesterol, hemidine, hemisine, hexa triconate acid, hyperoside, indicine, indicusin, lactone, lupanone, lupeol acetate, lupeol octacosonate, medidesmine, p-methoxy salicylic aldehyde, pregnane ester diglycoside desinine, sarsapogenin, sarsaponin, sitosterol, smilacin, smilgenin, stigmasterol, tannin, triterpenoid saponin, vanillin, as well as many other potentially psychoactive compounds.

TRADITIONAL USE: Traditional Ayurveda medicine practitioners have used Sariva for hundreds and hundreds of years; it was used as a healing herb as well as a magical-spiritual dream herb. They used it to treat stomach problems, cure rashes, ease the mind, quell the symptoms of syphilis, to help induce trance states and deep meditation, and to clarify and prepare the mind for the dream world. Ayurveda tradition holds that the roots of the Hemidesmus Indicus plant will transport the user to deeper states of sleep and through the four gates of dreaming, as written about by Carlos Castaneda, in The Art of Dreaming. It is used to help the experienced conscious dreamer achieve lucidity during the dream or REM phase of sleep. Ayurveda healers also prescribed it to men suffering from low libido and sexual impotence, it is believed that one of active compounds produced by roots improves male testosterone levels and therefore improves sexual desire, sperm count and overall sexual performance. In traditional Hindi folk wisdom, the healer or sages used the roots to cleanse the blood of toxins, soothe skin irritations and rashes, to reduce the burning sensations caused by urinary tract infections, to reduce fevers, as well as to heal moderate cases of acne. Women use Sugandi roots to promote a healthy pregnancy and to reduce the possibility of a miscarriage.
TRADITIONAL PREPARATION: Because so many different tribal communities in India utilize Hemidesmus Indicus for its healing properties, there are many different ways in which the plant is prepared. Most of the preparations call for the roots of the plant to be dried and ground into a fine powder, which is then either mixed with other medicinal herbs to make salves and balms, or the powder is steeped in warm water and then ingested as a tea. One popular recipe requires two ounces of the root to be boiled in water for an hour and the resulting liquid must then be consumed over the course of twenty-four hours. However, it is known that some of the active compounds are destroyed while the roots are boiling, so it may be wise to simmer the roots instead of allowing them to remain in boiling water. Tribes in India crush the roots and then pressing them to extract the vital juices which are then consumed immediately to minimize degradation of the active compounds and revitalize the body. Modern preparations merely encapsulate the dried root powder into gelatin capsules, and recommend consuming five grams per day for maximum health benefits. The native people living throughout the Himalayan highlands and elsewhere on the Indian subcontinent are known to grind dried Sugandi roots and leaves and mix them with Ocimum tenuiflorum (Holy Basil) seeds, Aegle marmelos (Bel Fruit), Nelumbo nucifera (Blue Lotus), Picrorhiza kurroa (Katuka), Carthamus tinctorius (Safflower) and then smoke the resulting blend, which induces visions and acts as a catalyst, launching the user into profound waking dream states.
MEDICINAL USES: Over the centuries, Ayurveda sages have developed myriad medicinal uses and a wide variety of traditional medicines made with Sariva roots, several of these traditional uses have been validated by modern science and continue to be prescribed to this day. The majority of traditional remedies and medicinal tonics are almost exclusively made from the plant’s roots; however there are several skin creams and digestive aids that utilize the whole plant. There are six major therapeutic uses that have been time tested and shown to be efficacious: Hemidesmus Indicus is effective as an anti-inflammatory, diuretic, vulnerary, anti-miscarriage, to improve fertility and treat syphilis. For hundreds of years Ayurveda shaman have used Sugandi root to promote a calm and tranquil state of mind, to maintain mental clarity while falling asleep and to achieve lucidity while dreaming. This is definitely a powerful dream herb that is used by many people to aide in meditation, trance, and to induce lucid dreams. There is also significant scientific evidence that Hemidesmus Indicus can be used effectively as a treatment for arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, epileptic seizures, high blood pressure, immune disorders, and to relieve stress.
TRADITIONAL EFFECTS: Sugandi root is a powerful Ayurveda Shamanic dream traveling plant and should be studied with great care. The most noteworthy effects are the calming, clarifying and tranquil feelings produced by consuming the root tea. After dinking the tea users describe an overall relaxing, calming sensation that envelopes them with feelings of euphoria and puts their mind at ease. Many avid dreamers drink the tea an hour before they go to bed, they report that the tea helps them maintain mental clarity and focus as they drift off to sleep. Later in the night they explain that they are able to recognize that they are dreaming and then they can easily achieve lucidity, often four or five times in one night. The roots are also known to help relieve stress by inducing overwhelming sensation of relaxation, euphoria, and tranquility.


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Lagophthalmos: and ptosis

Definition : Incomplete closure of the palpabral aperture when attempt is made to close the eyes

Causes of Lagophthalmos

•Contraction of lids due to cicatrization or a congenital deformity

•Ectropion

•Paralysis of Orbicularis

•Proptosis due to exophthalmic goitre, orbital tumour/ inflammmation etc.

•Laxity of tissue and absence of reflex blinking who are extremely ill.

Clinical Picture

Symptoms:

1.Inability to close eye(s)

2.Symptoms of dry eye

3.Blurring of vision

4.Foreign body sensation

5.Photophobia 

Signs

1.Incomplete closure of lid

2.Exposure of conjunctiva and cornea

3.Dryness, congestion

4.Hazyness of cornea, punctate infiltration

Complications

1. Corneal ulcer (Non-healing)

'� - a (�] x`] bri;font-size:178%'>1.Inability to close eye(s)

2.Symptoms of dry eye

3.Blurring of vision

4.Foreign body sensation

5.Photophobia 

Medical Treatment

1.Lubricating Eye drops

2.Control of infection

3.Protection of ocular surface

Surgical Treatment:

Tarsorrhaphy  (Lateral or paramedian)

. Corneal ulcer (Non-healing)

Ptosis

Definition: Drooping of upper lid usually due to paralysis or defective development of the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) 

Types

•Congenital

1. Simple

2. Complicated

•Acquired

1. Neurogenic

2. Myogenic

3. Aponeurotic

4 Mechanical

•Pseudoptosis – in Phthisis bulbi and anophthalmos

•

•

•Condition may be Unilateral or Bilateral

•Partial or complete

Measurement 

•Normal position of lids

•Abnormal – Margin Reflex Distance (MRD)- Normal MRD is 4 mm +/- 1 mm

•Ptosis of less than 2 mm – Mild

•Ptosis of 3 mm – moderate

•Ptosis of 4 mm or more – severe

Compensatory Mechanism 

•Overaction of frontalis

•Throwing back the head

•

•Assessment of LPS function –

Excursion of 8 mm or more – good action

Excursion of 5-7 mm – Fair action

Excursion of 4 mm or less – poor

•Look for Bell phenomenon 

Congenital Ptosis

•Commonest form of ptosis

•Usually bilateral / Heriditary

•Due to defective development of LPS

•Simple congenital ptosis is an isolated abnormality

•Complicated – when associated with developmental abnormality of surrounding structures

Associated Sup rectus palsy

Abnormal synkineses – Marcus Gunn ptosis

Dystrophy of the LPS  

Blepharophimosis syndrome (Ptosis, horizontal shortening of palp aperture, epicanthus inversus, telecanthus lat ectropion of the lower lids)

Treatment of Congenital Ptosis 

•Age (3-5 years), early surgery when pupil is covered

•Fasanella –servat operation (indicated when ptosis is 1.5 – 2 mm – excision of 4-5 mm upper tarsus)

•LPS resection – 10 mm resection is minimum (resection ranges from 12 – 24 mm)

•Conjunctival (Blaskovics operation) or skin (Everbusch operation) route for surgery

•Frontalis suspension- intact LPS with poor function (3 mm or less)

4-0 Supramid suture or fascia lata is used

Complications associated with this operation

Acquired Ptosis

•Usually unilateral

Types

1.Neurogenic – Third nerve paralysis or due to reduced sympathetic innervation (Horner syndrome – ptosis, anhydrosis and miosis)

Treatment – of cause, crutch spectacle, surgery – LPS resection/ Frontalis suspension

2. Myogenic – gradual onset, bilateral condition, symmetrical

Myotonic dystrophy

Chronic progressive exophthalmoplegia

Mysthenia gravis ( damage to acetyl-cholin receptor at postsynaptic membrane with presence of antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies)

Aponeurotic Ptosis

Is involutional is due to weakness or disinsertion of LPS aponeurosis from ant surface of tarsal plate

High lid fold with good LPS function

Treatment – reinsertion of LPS and resection of LPS

Mechanical  Ptosis - Tumour or inflammation weigh down the lid

•

Contusions

Black Eye – swelling and ecchymosis of lids and conjunctiva

•

•Cryptophthalmos – rare condition characterized by presence of skin passing continuously from brow over the eye to the cheek.








Vd. Sushant Shashikant Patil
Vidyanagar, bhusawal road
Faipur425503
tal - yawal
dist- jalgaon
09860431004
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